Logic is the underpinnings of early artificial intelligence (AI) and gives systems the ability to reason, infer facts, and draw conclusions from formal rules. Logic has made numerous contributions to AI, but it has severe limitations that disqualify it from scaling, adapting, and coping with the complexity of the natural world. The following are the major limitations of logic in AI: The Search Space Problem Decidability and Incompleteness The Flying Penguin Problem Modeling Uncertainty Learn more about how logical systems shape AI decision-making in our Logic in AI articles. The Search Space Problem One of the most significant challenges with logical systems in AI is the exponential growth of the search space. When attempting to reason conclusions out of a large set of facts and rules, the number of potential combinations or routes the AI will have to analyze can increase exponentially. Example Consider a chess program attempting to search through all possible mov...